| Abstract (croatian) | Sintaksa se najintenzivnije razvija u predškolskomu razdoblju, i to između treće i pete godine, kada djeca počinju proizvoditi složene rečenične strukture. Većina petogodišnjaka uspješno proizvodi različite vrste složenih rečenica, nezavisnih i zavisnih. Sintaktički se razvoj nastavlja i tijekom školovanja, čak i u adolescentskoj i odrasloj dobi, no mnogo sporije. Svrha je ovoga rada istražiti vrste rečenica koje rabe djeca urednoga jezičnoga razvoja prilikom pripovijedanja u razdoblju neposredno pred ulazak u osnovnu školu, što je dosada bilo samo djelomično istraživano u hrvatskome jeziku. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno petnaestero predškolaraca od 6,01 do 7,05 godina. Njihova je ovladanost vrstama rečenica ispitana pomoću slikovnice `Frog, where are you?' (Mayer 1969), koja predstavlja visoko strukturirani poticaj za ispitivanje pripovijedanja. Rezultati su pokazali da predškolarci proizvode različite rečenične strukture uz visoki stupanj gramatičnosti. Najčešće proizvode složene rečenice, i to uglavnom nezavisno složene rečenice, potom višestruko složene rečenica, a najmanje zavisno složene, među njima najčešće objektne. Od nezavisno složenih rečenica djeca proizvode samo sastavne i suprotne rečenice te rečenični niz. Najrjeđe proizvode neoglagoljene ili eliptične rečenice. |
| Abstract (english) | As a grammatical component syntax determines how words of various linguistic categories can be stacked in a structured sentences. The most intensive syntactic developement is observed in the preschool period, between the age of three and five years, when children begin to produce complex sentence structures. Most of five years old children successfully produce different types of complex and compound sentences. Development continues throughout their schooling, even in adolescence and adulthood, but much more slowly. Acquisition of sentence groups and types in the period before entering primary school, in the age of nearly seven and a half years, so far has been only partially assessed in the Croatian language. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the types of sentences used by children with typical language development (TLD) during storytelling. The study involved fifteen preschool children aged 6,01--7,05 years. Examination was conducted using a picture book, <i>Frog, where are you?</i> (Mayer, 1969), which is a highly structured incentive for testing storytelling. It consists of 24 black and white pictures without text. The results showed that preschool children produced different types of sentences with a high level of grammaticality (only 3% of the grammatically incorrect sentences). The most common are complex and compound sentences, which make more than half of all the used sentences (about a third are compound sentences, complex compound sentences make one sixth and the rarest are compound sentences, which make less than a tenth of complex and compound sentences). Among compound sentences children produce only constituent and opposing clauses, as well as clause series. Elliptical sentences were the most rarely produced. Among complex sentences the most common are object relative clauses (more than a fifth) and next to them are clauses of reason (fifth). Unexpectedly, the rarest are adverbial clauses of place (3%), clauses of purpose are more common then them (14%). However, children produced very small number of complex sentences so it will be necessary to examine a larger number of children to see whether the difference is significant. |
